In 1966 MIT Professor Joseph Weizenbaum received recognition as the first botmaster, or chat bot author, when he created the famous ELIZA program, the first model of Artificial Intelligence technology to apply the concept of stimulus-response pattern recognition to natural language understanding. ELIZA was also the first bot to employ conversational logging as a means for the botmaster to review and refine the bot.
Dr. Hugh Loebner began sponsoring the first real-world Turing Test in 1991, which sought to assess a machine’s ability to demonstrate intelligence through a process, in which “a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with one human and one machine, each of which tries to appear human. All participants are placed in isolated locations. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. In order to test the machine's intelligence rather than its ability to render words into audio, the conversation is limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen.” The winner of this first contest was the ELIZA psychiatrist program
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