Friday, April 30, 2010

RETHINKING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Since 1956 researchers have studied AI and their various specializations. However, this research was based on a couple of assumptions which are due for a rigorous revision. Previously, many AI solutions have attempted to solve all the problems with one system or function rather than multiple systems working together as in the human mind. The mind, memory and body function work both together and separately to solve any number of problems, and the way they work together (and alone) varies from problem to problem. The human mind alone applies various systems and functions to any given problem. Also, researchers have developed models that work more like computers, where everything is either one or zero. Real memory is filled with gray areas, ambiguities and inconsistencies, but functions in spite of not always being congruent.

Therefore, MIT is revisiting their Mind Machine Project with an initial $5 million grant and a five-year timetable to rebuild the AI field from scratch.

This team even proposes discarding the Turing Test, the long-recognized standard for determining artificial intelligence. Instead, MMP researchers want to test for a machine’s comprehension of a children’s book—rather than a human’s comprehension of another human being—to gain a better understanding or the AI’s ability to process and regurgitate thought.

The MMP project is led by Newton Howard, who came to MIT to head this project from a background in government and industry computer research and cognitive science. The project is being funded by the Make a Mind Company, whose chairman is Richard Wirt, an Intel Senior Fellow.

CHATBOTS 3.0


Chatbots 3.0 is a one-day gathering of bot creators, commercial users, enthusiasts, scientists and students interested in A.I. bot technology.

Today chatterbots have been adapted to nearly every ecological niche on the internet. Bots appear on web pages, in instant messaging, and respond to email and forum posts. They can be found in Second Life, in online games, and in social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. Bots support marketing and advertising and are used in education. This conference brings together leading experts to discuss their ideas and present the latest technologies and trends in chatbots.

New technologies for automated learning have appeared which vastly reduce the time and effort needed to create convincing bots. At the same time, a series of new commercial opportunities have opened for bots and their botmasters.

We’re experiencing the beginning of a new era. The time has come to gather together the leading experts in chat bot technology to share our ideas and discoveries.

Wednesday, April 28, 2010

HOW TO CREATE A CHATBOT

AIML: Artificial Intelligence Markup Language

AIM Artificial L (Intelligence Markup Language) is an XML-compliant language that's easy to learn, and makes it possible for you to begin customizing an Alicebot or creating one from scratch within minutes.

The most important units of AIML are:

    - [aiml]: the tag that begins and ends an AIML document

    - [category]: the tag that marks a "unit of knowledge" in an Alicebot's knowledge base

     - [pattern]used to contain a simple pattern that matches what a user may say or type to an Alicebot

     - [template]contains the response to a user input


There are also around 20 additional tags that are often found in AIML files, and it's possible to create your own so-called "custom predicates"

The free A.L.I.C.E. AIML includes a knowledge base of approximately 41,000 categories. Here's an example of one of them:

[category]
    

[pattern] WHAT ARE YOU[/pattern]    

[template]
       

[think][set name="topic"]Me[/set][/think] 
        

I am the latest result in artificial intelligence,which can reproduce the capabilities of the human brain with greater speed and accuracy.
    

[/template]


[/category]      
        

(The opening and closing tags are not shown here, because this is an excerpt from the middle of a document.)

Everything between and is a category. A category can have one pattern and one template. (It can also contain a tag, but we won't get into that here). The pattern shown will match only the exact phrase "what are you" (capitalization is ignored). 

But it's possible that this category may be invoked by another category, using the tag (not shown) and the principle of reductionism.

If this category is called, it will produce the response "I am the latest result in artificial intelligence..." shown above.

Using the [think] tag, which causes Alicebot to perform whatever it contains but hide the result from the user, the Alicebot engine will set the "topic" in its memory to "Me". This allows any categories elsewhere with an explicit "topic" value of "ME" to match better than categories with the same patterns that are not given an explicit topic. This illustrates one mechanism whereby a botmaster can exercise precise control over a conversational flow.

ELIZA VS. ALICE

ALICE, or "Alicebot," is one of the most famous chatbots. The name stands for "Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity". The term "Alicebot" has also come to be used informally for any chatbot which uses AIML.

Chat With A.L.I.C.E.
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Achatbot, or "chatterbot," is a piece of software that responds to natural language input and attempts to hold a conversation in a way that mimics a real person.

Alice was invented by AI researcher Dr Richard Wallace, initially as an entrant for the annual Loebner Prize. It is in many ways an extension of the classic Eliza concept.

Most chatbots consist of two parts: a knowledge base that encapsulates the "intelligence" of the bot and an interpreter program that communicates with the user according to the instructions in the knowledge base. This produces a form of Case Based Reasoning (CBR).

Given the relevant interpreter then anyone who knows AIML can write their own chatbot - it's not necessary to be a programer to build the "mind" of a bot.

For Alice, the knowledge base - effectively the bot's "mind" - is represented in AIML(Artificial Intelligence Markup Language). The AIML standard is usable with a variety of interpreters. The first Alice program was "Program A," the latest "official" interpreter is the Java 2 based "program D."

It's also possible to chat with and host AIML chatbots on the web - one popular site is Pandorabots.

There are many AIML interpreters available to download. In addition, the AIML source for the original Alice has been released under the GNU GPL. This means that anyone interested in AI can download both an interpreter and an initial knowledge base and quickly start building their own chatbot.

Dr Wallace continues to develop Alice and the bot continues to win prizes and place highly in competitions such as the Chatterbox Challenge.

Tuesday, April 27, 2010

CHATTERBOX CHALLENGE


The Chatterbox Challenge (CBC) is an annual contest which starts in mid March that allows any chatbot developer to participate and evaluate the intelligence of their chatbot. 

PARTICIPANTS: 
Chatbot Name
Developer
Country
Type
1- A.L.I.C.E.
Dr. Richard S. Wallace
USA
Web-based
2- Artemis
Dimitrios Karas
Greece
Desktop
3- Asimov
Martin Sondergaard
UK
Web-based
4- Athena
Sylvain Leseur
France
Web-based
5- Bildgesmythe
Patti Roberts
Canada
Web-based
6- Brother Jerome
Peter Cole
Wales
Web-based
7- Captain Jack Sparrow
Haley Drucker
USA
Web-based
8- cl0ne
Salvatore Mocciaro
Italy
Web-based
9- Cyber Ty
Ty Paige
USA
Web-Based
10- Elbot
Fred Roberts / Artificial Solutions
Europe
Web-based
11- English Tutor
Ron C. Lee
USA
Web-based
12- Enjoy the silence
Metti
USA
Web-based
13- J-N1S (Janice)
Baraslan
USA
Web-based
14- Jeeney AI
Cameron Jones
Canada
Web-based
15- KAR Intelligent Computer
Alexander Hoffmann
France
Desktop
16- Lester
M.N.
UK
Web-based
17- Lucy
Frederic de la Goublaye
France
Web-based
18- Open Allure
John Graves
New Zealand
Desktop
19- PMLS Discourse Engine
PetaMem
Czech Republic
Web-based
20- Poseidon
Matthew Brown
UK
Web-based
21- Skynet-AI
Ken Hurtubise
USA
Web-based
22- Suzette
Bruce Wilcox
USA
Web-based
23- Talk-Bot
Wendell Cowart
USA
Web-based
24- Ultra Hal Assistant
Zabaware, Inc.
USA
Desktop
25- Vashenka
Vashka
UK
Web-based
26- Zeta Beta
Jeremy Gardiner
UK
Web-based

RESULTS/RANKINGS: 
Chatbot Name
Judges Rating (5 Judges)
Total Score (Full score: 40x5)
1- A.L.I.C.E.
(12,32,28,24,16)
112
2- Artemis
(11,14,30,23,19)
97
3- Asimov
(8,11,29,15,12)
75
4- Athena
(6,19,17,21,20)
83
5- Bildgesmythe
(14,3,29,25,25)
96
6- Brother Jerome
(10,24,27,26,22)
109
7- Captain Jack Sparrow
(2,28,22,23,8)
83
8- cl0ne
(0,8,9,10,1)
28
9- Cyber Ty
(14,15,33,16,22)
100
10- Elbot
(3,29,30,28,17)
107
11- English Tutor
(10,18,21,20,22)
91
12- Enjoy the silence
(0,20,21,20,9)
70
13- J-N1S (Janice)
(5,19,15,20,15)
74
14- Jeeney AI
(2,21,30,14,20)
87
15- KAR Intelligent Computer
(0,0,15,14,2)
31
16- Lester
(4,18,22,14,14)
72
17- Lucy
(1,11,13,14,3)
42
18- Open Allure
(0,0,0,0,0) Chatbot Error!
0
19- PMLS Discourse Engine
(0,15,12,12,3)
42
20- Poseidon
(6,17,26,23,11)
83
21- Skynet-AI
(8,20,31,17,14)
90
22- Suzette
(0,0,0,0,0) Chatbot Error!
0
23- Talk-Bot
(4,22,34,10,20)
90
24- Ultra Hal Assistant
(0,8,17,17,19)
61
25- Vashenka
(4,21,31,19,12)
87
26- Zeta Beta
(0,7,5,2,0)
14